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An fi rarraba zaren zuwa zaren haɗawa da zaren tuƙi.

Don haɗa zaren, manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa suna taɓewa, zaren, juyawa, mirginawa, gogewa, da sauransu. Don zaren watsawa, manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa suna da kyau kuma suna da kyau - juyawa, guguwar guguwa - m da juya mai kyau, da sauransu

Wadannan sune hanyoyin sarrafa abubuwa daban-daban:

1. Yankan zare

Gabaɗaya, yana nufin hanyar sarrafa zaren a kan kayan aiki tare da abun yanka ko kayan aikin abrasive, galibi sun haɗa da juyawa, niƙa, tapping, threading, nika, da guguwar guguwa, da dai sauransu. na kayan aikin inji yana tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin juyawa, injin nika, ko kuma dabaran nika na iya matsar da jagora daya daidai kuma a dai-dai tare da hanyar da ake bi. A yayin bugawa ko zaren zaren, kayan aikin (matsa ko mutu) suna juyawa dangane da abin aiki, kuma kayan aikin (ko kayan aikin) suna motsa axially wanda aka kafa ta hanyar tsagi na farko.

Za'a iya yin juya zaren lathe tare da kayan jujjuya kayan juji ko kayan zaren zare (duba kayan aikin zaren). Juya zare tare da kayan jujjuya hanya hanya ce ta gama gari don yanki guda da ƙaramin tsari saboda tsarin sa mai sauƙi; juya zaren tare da mai yanke zaren yana da ingancin samarwa, amma tsarin kayan aiki yana da rikitarwa, don haka ya dace ne kawai da matsakaiciya da manyan kayan aiki na gajeren zanen zaren da karamin zare. Gabaɗaya, daidaitaccen murfin juya zaren trapezoidal ta hanyar lathe na yau da kullun zai iya kaiwa matakin 8-9 kawai (JB2886-81, ɗaya a ƙasa); yawan aiki ko daidaito za a iya inganta sosai yayin aikin zaren mashin a kan keɓaɓɓen zaren lathe.

2. Sakin niƙa

Ana gudanar da aikin niƙa a kan injin niƙa mai yadin da diski ko abun yanka. Ana amfani da mai yankan faren faifai don aikin zaren trapezoid na zaren waje akan sandar dunƙule, tsutsa, da sauran kayan aikin. Ana amfani da abun yanka injin tsefe ana amfani da shi wajen nika zaren gama gari da na waje da zaren taper. Saboda ana yin milled da mai yanka abubuwa masu yawa kuma tsawon aikinsa ya fi tsayin zaren da za a sarrafa, za a iya sarrafa abin da yake aiki kawai ta hanyar juyawa 1.25 ~ 1.5, kuma yawan aikin yana da yawa. Daidaitaccen murfin murfin zaren zai iya kaiwa maki 8-9, kuma ƙarancin fuska shine R 5-0.63 μm. Wannan hanyar ta dace da samar da zaren kayan aiki na zaren tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ko ƙarancin inji kafin nika.

3. Nika mai nika

Ana amfani dashi galibi don ƙera madaidaiciyar zaren maƙarƙashiya a kan mashin mai zaren. Dangane da siffofi daban-daban na dusar nika, ana iya raba shi zuwa keken karawa layi daya da kuma dabaran nika mai layi da yawa. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa daidaiton yanayin daidaiton layin layin layi guda 5-6 ne, kuma yanayin rashin ƙarfi shine R 1.25-0.08 μm, Ya dace da narkar da dusar ƙafafun. Wannan hanyar ta dace da narkar da madaidaicin gubar, ma'aunin zaren, tsutsa, karamin tsari na zaren aiki, da kuma narkarda madaidaiciyar hob. Multi-line nika nika dabaran nika ne zuwa kashi mai tsawo nika hanya da kuma yanke a cikin nika hanyar. Faɗin keken nika a cikin hanyar niƙa mai tsayi ya fi ƙanƙan da zaren da za a yi ƙasa, kuma zaren zai iya zama ƙasa zuwa girman ƙarshe ta hanyar motsa ƙwanan a tsaye sau ɗaya ko sau da yawa. Gwarjin narkarwar dabaran da aka sare a cikin hanyar nika ya fi tsayin zaren da za a kasa. Wheelajin nika ya yanyanka cikin farfajiyar kayan kwalliya, ana iya kammala aikin bayan kusan juyi 1.25. Yawan aiki ya fi girma, amma daidaito ya ɗan yi ƙasa, kuma suturar keken nika ya fi rikitarwa. Yankewa a cikin hanyar nika ya dace don sauƙaƙe famfunan nika tare da manyan ƙungiyoyi da niƙa wasu zaren maɗauri.
4. Nika mai nika

Nau'in goro ko nau'in dunƙule nau'in zaren da aka yi da abubuwa masu laushi irin su baƙin ƙarfe ana amfani da shi don nika sassan zaren da aka ƙera da kuskuren farar gaba da juyawa don inganta madaidaicin filin. Gyarawar zaren ciki mai taurin kai galibi ana share ta ta hanyar niƙa don inganta daidaito.
5. Tafawa da yin fanti

Ppingwanƙwasawa shi ne amfani da wani ɗan karkataccen dunƙulewa don ɓullo famfo a cikin ramin da aka riga aka huda na sashin aikin don sarrafa zaren ciki. Hannun hannun shine amfani da mutu don yanke zaren waje akan sandar (ko bututu). Ingancin aikin ƙwanƙwasawa ko hannun riga ya dogara da daidaikun famfo ko mutu. Kodayake akwai hanyoyi da yawa don sarrafa zaren ciki da na waje, zaren ciki na ƙaramin diamita yana iya dogaro kawai da sarrafa famfo. Ana iya yin ƙwanƙwasa da zaren hannu da hannu, kamar yadda za a iya lathes, matse-matsi na motsa jiki, ƙwanƙwasawa, da kayan zaren.

Tsarin zabi na yankan sigogi don zaren lathe

Saboda zanen yana fayyace farar (ko gubar) na zaren, mabuɗin don zaɓar sigogin yankan shine don tantance saurin spindle “n” da yankan zurfin “ap”.

1) Zaɓin saurin sanda

Dangane da aikin da sandar juyawa take, juyawa daya da kuma kayan aikin suna ciyar da jagora guda yayin juya zaren, zabin spindle da aka zaba yana tantance saurin abinci na CNC lathe. Ginin zaren (farar idan ya kasance zaren guda) a cikin sashin shirin sarrafa zaren yayi daidai da saurin abinci "vf" wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar abincin "" (mm / r)
vf = nf (1)

Ana iya gani daga dabara cewa saurin abinci “vf” yana dacewa kai tsaye da yanayin abincin “f”. Idan an zaɓi saurin dunƙule na kayan aikin inji don ya yi yawa, saurin ciyarwar da aka canza dole ne ya zama ya fi girman saurin abincin kayan aikin ƙima. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi la’akari da saitin sashin tsarin abinci da sanya wutar lantarki na kayan mashin yayin zabar juyawar sanda yayin juya zaren, don kaucewa afkuwar “zaren disordered” ko filin wasan kusa da farawa / ƙarshen abin da baya haduwa bukatun.

Bayan haka, ya kamata a sani cewa da zarar an fara sarrafa zaren, ba za a iya canza saurin gudu ta dunƙulewa gaba ɗaya, kuma saurin juyawar ciki har da ƙera kayan masarufi dole ne su yi amfani da ƙimar da aka zaɓa yayin abincin farko. In ba haka ba, tsarin CNC zai haifar da “zaren disordered” saboda “wuce gona da iri” na alamun bugun jini na ambaton bugun jini.

2) Zaɓin yankan zurfin

Saboda toolarfin kayan aiki mara kyau, yawan abincin abinci mai yawa, da babban abincin yankan daga zaren juyawa zuwa samar da juyawa, gabaɗaya ana buƙatar yin aikin sarrafa kayan abinci na ɓangare kuma zaɓi zurfin zurfin yankan daidai gwargwadon raguwar yanayin. Tebur na 1 yana lissafin ƙididdigar ƙididdigar lokutan ciyarwa da zurfin zurfin yanki don ƙaddamar da zaren sintiri.